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Shaft torque and shaft diameter

Torque from the transmitted power and speed — for a motor, pump, gearbox or coupling — and the smallest diameter of a solid shaft for an allowable torsional stress.

Formula
T = P / ω = 9549 · P / nd = ∛(16 · T / (π · [τ]))

T = P / ω holds for any shaft. The starting and breakdown torques of an induction motor are 1.5–3 times the rated torque, so couplings are selected with a service factor. The torsion-based diameter is preliminary: the final shaft check covers combined bending and torsion and fatigue. Inverse: P = T · n / 9549.

Source: Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design — torsion of shafts

Inputs

You can change a field's unit: the value is converted to the formula's units automatically.

P

To size a shaft or coupling, use the motor rating.

n

Induction motors at 50 Hz: about 2 950, 1 470, 980 and 735 rpm (2, 4, 6 and 8 poles).

[τ]

For a preliminary design of steel shafts, 15–30 MPa: the low value allows for bending and the stress concentration at the keyway.

Unit converter for this formulaPower · Rotational speed · Pressure · Torque · Length
Metric
  • kW1
  • W1,000
  • MW0.001
  • PS (metric hp)1.35962
  • kcal/h859.845
US field units
  • hp1.34102
  • BTU/h3,412.14

PS is the metric horsepower (735.5 W), hp the mechanical horsepower (745.7 W).

All units
Result
TTorque
Fill in all fields
  • dSmallest solid shaft diameter

More in Drives and transmissions

Results are engineering estimates from standard formulas; for design decisions check them against the codes, project documents and specialists' calculations. The formulas carried over from the original set are unchanged, and their errors are described in the notes.